[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/cocky-nebo-bryle\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/cocky-nebo-bryle\/","headline":"\u010co\u010dky nebo br\u00fdle?","name":"\u010co\u010dky nebo br\u00fdle?","description":"Prvn\u00ed br\u00fdle, i kdy\u017e ne v\u00a0t\u00e9 podob\u011b, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 je zn\u00e1me dnes, spat\u0159ily sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta sto let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem a jejich autorem je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd ob\u010dan, kter\u00e9mu se v\u00a0pokro\u010dil\u00e9m v\u011bku zhor\u0161il zrak a byl tak odk\u00e1z\u00e1n na pomoc druh\u00fdch, co\u017e pro n\u011bj, jako vysoce postaven\u00e9ho \u010dlena spole\u010dnosti, bylo velice potupuj\u00edc\u00ed. D\u016fkaz o tom ale nem\u00e1me, ten […]","datePublished":"2018-05-06","dateModified":"2023-04-30","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70b0b0c6ef7dca5d65c935edece415df3e99a7281ef835a281ae62fb4236351b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/70b0b0c6ef7dca5d65c935edece415df3e99a7281ef835a281ae62fb4236351b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ibf-cz.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a319820_w2559_t1530905235.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a319820_w2559_t1530905235.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/cocky-nebo-bryle\/","about":["V\u00fdrobky"],"wordCount":427,"articleBody":"\tPrvn\u00ed br\u00fdle, i kdy\u017e ne v\u00a0t\u00e9 podob\u011b, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 je zn\u00e1me dnes, spat\u0159ily sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta sto let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem a jejich autorem je \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd ob\u010dan, kter\u00e9mu se v\u00a0pokro\u010dil\u00e9m v\u011bku zhor\u0161il zrak a byl tak odk\u00e1z\u00e1n na pomoc druh\u00fdch, co\u017e pro n\u011bj, jako vysoce postaven\u00e9ho \u010dlena spole\u010dnosti, bylo velice potupuj\u00edc\u00ed. D\u016fkaz o tom ale nem\u00e1me, ten poch\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e z\u00a0roku \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by v\u00e1s p\u0159ekvapilo, \u017ee br\u00fdle m\u011bly podobu koule s\u00a0vodou. Toto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edval samotn\u00fd Seneca p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed. Prvn\u00edm p\u0159edch\u016fdcem dne\u0161n\u00edch slune\u010dn\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed byl zelen\u00fd smaragd, ten nejen\u017ee zv\u011bt\u0161oval, ale dok\u00e1zal tlumit i slune\u010dn\u00ed svit.\tJak \u0161la l\u00e9ta a stalet\u00ed, tyto jednoduch\u00e9 optick\u00e9 pom\u016fcky se zdokonalovaly a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v\u00a0roce 1000 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu se \u010detly knihy pomoc\u00ed \u010dtec\u00edch kamen\u016f, to byly vlastn\u011b prap\u0159edci dne\u0161n\u00edch lup.\tBr\u00fdle, jak je zn\u00e1me v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b, se objevily v\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byl probl\u00e9m, jak je udr\u017eet na hlav\u011b, ten se poda\u0159ilo vy\u0159e\u0161it a\u017e po neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch skoro \u010dty\u0159i sta letech. Uchycen\u00ed za u\u0161ima, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes, p\u0159i\u0161lo z\u00a0dalek\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny.\tN\u00e1hra\u017eky br\u00fdl\u00ed, tedy kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky, jsou daleko mlad\u0161\u00ed a za jejich otce by se dal pova\u017eovat mal\u00ed\u0159 a vyn\u00e1lezce Leonardo da Vinci. Jeho prvn\u00ed n\u00e1\u010drty poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, ale u toho jen z\u016fstalo.\u00a0 A\u017e na samotn\u00e9m konci devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se k\u00a0my\u0161lence kontaktn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek vr\u00e1til Friedrich A. M\u00fcller. \u010co\u010dky se vyr\u00e1b\u011bly nejd\u0159\u00edve ze skla a pozd\u011bji byly tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bny podle rohovky. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed plast\u016f se prom\u00edtlo i do oblasti optiky, tyto \u010do\u010dky byly sice leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e ty sklen\u011bn\u00e9, ale m\u011bly jeden z\u00e1kladn\u00ed nedostatek a probl\u00e9m \u2013 nepropou\u0161t\u011bly kysl\u00edk. Pades\u00e1t\u00e1 l\u00e9ta minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed zaznamenala z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zvrat a Otto Wichterle (\u010desk\u00fd ob\u010dan) dal sv\u011btu m\u011bkk\u00e9 gelov\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me i dnes. Dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed plnohodnotn\u011b nahradit br\u00fdle a do\u010dkali jsme se i r\u016fzn\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch odst\u00edn\u016f.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (12 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u010co\u010dky nebo br\u00fdle?","item":"https:\/\/www.ibf-cz.cz\/cocky-nebo-bryle\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]